4 种呼吸道疫病血清学调查分析——以凯里市A奶牛场为例

[目的]为了解凯里市A奶牛场牛呼吸道疫病的流行情况。[方法]本次采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对142 份奶牛血清样品进行牛呼吸道合胞体病毒（BRSV）、牛病毒性腹泻（BVDV）、牛传染性鼻气管炎（IBRV）、牛支原体感染抗体检测。[结果]凯里市A奶牛场4 种呼吸道疾病病原普遍存在,BRSV阳性率为41.5%（59/142）;BVDV阳性率为40.1%（57/142）;IBRV阳性率为45.0%（64/142）;支原体阳性率为33.8%（48/142）。犊牛4 种呼吸疾病单一感染率为15.1%~45.5%;BVDV感染最严重,为45.5%;成年牛单一感染率为33.8%~45.1%。此外,奶牛场存在IBRV、BRSV、BVDV、支原体多种病原体混合感染,二重感染率为18.3％~30.2％;BVDV+IBRV感染率最高,为30.2%;三重感染以BVDV+支原体+IBRV感染率最高,为19.7%;四重感染率为9.9%。[结论]凯里市A奶牛场存在4 种疫病,有不同程度的病原体感染,应加强对上述病原体的流行控制,提高奶牛场管理水平,减少奶牛场疫病发生和经济损失。     

不同粮食和牧草前作对水稻生长、产量和品质的影响

为了探讨长江流域农区冬季种植牧草和粮食作物对后作水稻Oryza sativa生产的影响,对种植多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum、黑麦Secale cereal和小麦Triticum eastivum的水田土壤理化性状以及水稻的生长发育、稻谷产量和稻米品质进行了研究.结果表明:冬季种植多花黑麦草和黑麦后土壤理化性状得到了改善,降低了土壤pH值,增加了土壤全氮含量和速效养分.种植小麦的土壤pH值降低,全氮含量增加,但速效养分增加较少或减少.相应地,多花黑麦草茬和黑麦茬水稻生长得到了明显的促进,单位面积有效穗数和产量显著高于小麦茬水稻,但对每穗粒数、千粒重和稻米品质的影响不大.可见,冬季种植牧草在生产大量青饲料的同时,还起到了改良土壤的作用,为提高农田生产力提供了有效途径.同时促进了农业种植业和畜牧业的有机结合,形成了包括土壤、粮食作物、牧草、家畜等多因子的生态农业系统.     

长三角地区碳排放量分析及预测

在“双碳”背景下,控制碳排放量对可持续发展具有重要意义。为精确测量经济发展中,各影响因素对碳排放量的影响,以长三角地区为例,将灰色回归组合模型应用于碳排放量的预测,选取了第一产业生产总值、第二产业生产总值、第三产业生产总值和能源消耗量4个主要影响因素构建影响因素指标体系,分析各影响因素与碳排放量之间的灰色关联关系,通过对2005—2021年长三角地区碳排放量进行建模,建立各影响因素为自变量的回归预测模型,对2023—2025年长三角地区碳排放量进行了预测。实证结果表明：未来三年长三角地区碳排放量仍具有明显的上升趋势,增速在4%～10%左右,持续的高碳排放量对可持续发展产生深远影响。基于关联分析和预测模型结果,提出通过加快产业转型、提高清洁能源的使用等方式减少碳排放量,促进长三角地区绿色低碳发展。     

Unravelling the genetic loci for growth and carcass traits in Chinese Bamaxiang pigs based on a 1.4 million SNP array

Bamaxiang pig is from Guangxi province in China, characterized by its small body size and two‐end black coat colour. It is an important indigenous breed for local pork market and excellent animal model for biomedical research. In this study, we performed genomewide association studies (GWAS) on 43 growth and carcass traits in 315 purebred Bamaxiang pigs based on a 1.4 million SNP array. We observed considerable phenotypic variability in the growth and carcass traits in the Bamaxiang pigs. The corresponding SNP based heritability varied greatly across the 43 traits and ranged from 9.0% to 88%. Through a conditional GWAS, we identified 53 significant associations for 35 traits at p value threshold of 10^?6. Among which, 26 associations on chromosome 3, 7, 14 and X passed a genomewide significance threshold of 5 × 10^?8. The most remarkable loci were at around 30.6 Mb on chromosome 7, which had growth stage‐dependent effects on body lengths and cannon circumferences and showed large effects on multiple carcass traits. We discussed HMGA1 NUDT3, EIF2AK1, TMEM132C and AFF2 that near the lead SNP of significant loci as plausible candidate genes for corresponding traits. We also showed that including phenotypic covariate in GWAS can help to reveal additional significant loci for the target traits. The results provide insight into the genetic architecture of growth and carcass traits in Bamaxiang pigs.     

河套灌区小麦后复种燕麦草生产性能与营养品质效应研究

为研究小麦后复种燕麦草（Avena sativa L.）的品种适应性、生长特性、产量与营养价值,引进适合秋季种植的8个燕麦草品种（青引1号、青引2号、青燕1号、加燕2号、林纳、青海甜燕、胜利者、天鹅）,通过对各燕麦草品种的农艺性状特征、分蘖数、平均旗叶宽、平均旗叶长、茎直径、株高、茎叶比、生物产量与主要营养价值分析研究,得出以下结果：相同品种生育期46 d霜冻前的CP含量高于生育期76 d,NDF、ADF、可溶性糖含量与鲜、干草产量均低于76 d;霜冻后30 d的生长速度与高度结果表明适合小麦后种植的秋性耐冷品种为青引2号、加燕2号和林纳;茎叶比与CP含量呈负相关,与NDF、ADF、可溶性糖呈正相关。单位面积生物产量（除天鹅）与CP、NDF、ADF、可溶性糖总产量呈正相关。从8个燕麦草品种中选出分蘖数适中、植株高、叶片长而宽、茎叶比低、干草总产量高和总营养价值高的品种为青引2号、加燕2号与林纳。     

Circle of life: the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) adaptations to the urban environment

Traditionally, urbanization has been seen as a negative phenomenon for biota. However, changes in the environmental parameters induced by urbanization might be favorable for some species. Over the past half‐century, the common hamster has actively populated cities, establishing populations in some European, Russian and Kazakhstan cities. Based on integrative methods, we investigated free‐range common hamsters inhabiting Simferopol from 2015 to 2018 to reveal possible adaptations to the urbanized environment across several parameters, including lifespan, hibernation period, reproductive activity and body mass. Results show that in urban areas, the common hamster demonstrates an extremely short hibernation period compared to other localities, possibly due to enhanced food resources from urban forestry (walnuts, locus and hazelnut), allowing the species to start breeding very early (February) and finish as late as October. We present the first evidence of polyandry for this species: mating of receptive females with several males and subsequent confirmation of multiple paternity. Despite high reproductive potential, the lifespan of the common hamster in urban conditions is generally very short (less than 1 year). We speculate that in the process of synurbization, the common hamster's innate plasticity across many life history traits permits it to successfully colonize throughout a wide range of habitats, with the ability to form novel adaptations to urban environments.     

茄子果顶形状数据采集方法比较和遗传分析

以圆顶茄子和尖顶茄子为亲本构建6世代群体(P_1、P_2、F_1、BC_1P_1、BC_1P_2、F_2),在春露地和秋大棚两个茬口分别种植6世代群体,利用目测法和Tomato Analyzer软件分析法采集茄子果顶形状数据,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,对茄子果顶形状进行遗传分析。结果表明:目测法和软件法都可以用来描述茄子果顶形状,Tomato Analyzer软件分析法获取的果顶数据计算出的AIC值完整性好、适应性检测中的统计量差异显著个数少,对茄子果顶形状的数据测量更为准确,更加适用于茄子果顶形状的采集。茄子果顶形状表现为数量性状,受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制,同时也受环境条件的影响。在分离群体中F_2群体主基因遗传率高、稳定性好,主基因遗传率达到72%以上,育种过程中适合在F_2群体进行果顶形状的选择。     

速生材制浆性能与其材性的多元非线性回归分析及预测方法

采用多元非线性回归方法分析速生阔叶木材的制浆得率与其化学组分、纸浆的抗张指数、撕裂指数分别与纤维形态的相关性,建立速生材制浆性能的预测模型,选取代表性的速生木材进行材性分析和制浆性能试验研究,用实测值与预测模型算出预测值进行对比.结果证明:预测值与实际测定值拟合得很好,预测模型的精度高.     

应用多元线性回归建立黄山松生长模型的研究

利用闽东北林木采伐伐区设计书资料及随机表进行多元线性回归,建立黄山松树高、胸径、蓄积量数学模型。结果表明,线性回归方程极端显著。     

矮牡丹子叶不定芽的诱导和生根

矮牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.var.spontanea Rehd)为芍药科芍药属落叶亚灌木,是中国特有的珍贵种质资源,被列入国家濒危的三级保护植物[1].